Crazy Transit Pitches

Always wondered how a branch of the orange line to Medford Square would pencil out cost + ridership-wise...

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Using old ROW w/ cap cut tunneling and the existing flying junction could bring costs down substantially. Only like 5-6 houses would need demo (plus a BUNCH of backyard construction).

I think a station at Spring St would have a pretty good walkshed in a relatively underserved area in eastern Medford, but unsure on what the best alignment/station placement would be for Medford Square.

This feels pretty crazy due to the invasive construction and impact on orange line scheduling, but maybe in another world it would be a realistic proposal.
Yeah you can forget about any ROW re-use past Gibson St. And of course there's the inescapable problem of splitting the OL before Malden Center, which should remain off the table without a damn good reason. Perhaps this segment could be tied into an orbital line... somehow, but without going to Malden Center I'm skeptical of the utility of such an endeavor.
 
To hit the end of Gibson St requires 2 sfh demos, and it would only be another 2 sfhs, a duplex, and an adult day care center to get another 2 blocks to Park St. I think that's the real "end of the line" when it comes to ROW re-use. A short 0.5mi mined section could be done for the final stretch to Medford Square.

Honestly, I don't see the huge problem with branching the OL before Malden Center. Signal improvements could give the trunk <3 min frequencies which would still be 6 min peak service at Malden. Off-peak couldn't be much worse than now. To my perception, that's more than acceptable for a peripheral city like Malden, but I'm open to hearing other perspectives.
 
A short 0.5mi mined section could be done for the final stretch to Medford Square.
If you're doing any mined or bored section then there's no point jumping through however many hoops both politically and financially to demolish a bunch of buildings. Just make the tunnel slightly longer. And again, that's just the demolitions you'd need. You'd need to take something like a hundred backyards too.
Honestly, I don't see the huge problem with branching the OL before Malden Center. Signal improvements could give the trunk <3 min frequencies which would still be 6 min peak service at Malden. Off-peak couldn't be much worse than now. To my perception, that's more than acceptable for a peripheral city like Malden, but I'm open to hearing other perspectives.
Compared to branching at Sullivan it's definitely less bad but the portion of northside OL ridership that comes from Malden Center is just massive, and the area continues to be a hotspot for development. Then what happens when Rivers Edge gets built and you get more demand north of the branch-point? And then what happens when it's time to electrify the line to Reading, likely in the form of an OL extension?

And it's not like you can just be like: "Well that's a trade-off, this branch serves the same or more people" because it very clearly doesn't. You hit a massive wall of density drop-off in the form of Winchester and the Middlesex Fells almost immediately. Any branch is basically just a super-exclusive just for Medford line at the expense of Malden, and that opens up a whole new can of socio-political worms.
 
To hit the end of Gibson St requires 2 sfh demos, and it would only be another 2 sfhs, a duplex, and an adult day care center to get another 2 blocks to Park St. I think that's the real "end of the line" when it comes to ROW re-use. A short 0.5mi mined section could be done for the final stretch to Medford Square.

Honestly, I don't see the huge problem with branching the OL before Malden Center. Signal improvements could give the trunk <3 min frequencies which would still be 6 min peak service at Malden. Off-peak couldn't be much worse than now. To my perception, that's more than acceptable for a peripheral city like Malden, but I'm open to hearing other perspectives.
The NIMBY shite-storm would be of legendary proportions. Taking all the backyards plus demolition would be politically undoable.
 
The ROW is largely sold off west of where freight service lasted:

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As much as rail service to a dense node like Medford Square would be nice, the Medford Branch is simply too obliterated - and the Orange Line too important to split - for that purpose.

It is worth noting that Medford Square will be getting a big service upgrade with BNRD. It's currently served by 5 bus routes, but none run better than 20 minutes at peak or hourly on weekends. With BNRD, the 96 will have every-15-or-better service to Malden, and to Medford/Tufts and Davis; the 101 will have every-15-or-better service to Sullivan, Lechmere, and Kendall. The 95 will also run every-30-or-better to Arlington Center (and to Sullivan), and the 354 will add a stop at Medford Square for downtown express service.

If that proves insufficient, the next step would be BRT on Route 16 - Wonderland to Medford Square (or Alewife).
 
And it's not like you can just be like: "Well that's a trade-off, this branch serves the same or more people" because it very clearly doesn't. You hit a massive wall of density drop-off in the form of Winchester and the Middlesex Fells almost immediately. Any branch is basically just a super-exclusive just for Medford line at the expense of Malden, and that opens up a whole new can of socio-political worms.
I can see the issue if it became a question of trade-offs between serving just Medford or Malden + north, but I was coming at it from the idea that there really doesn't even need to be a trade-off, because there's no world where anything more than half of a theoretical maximum capacity on a 2-track line would be necessary to adequately serve Malden + north.

The NIMBY shite-storm would be of legendary proportions. Taking all the backyards plus demolition would be politically undoable.
On the property-takings side, part of what inspired this thought was that I heard about the North Houston Highway Improvement Project involving the displacement of 1000+ residents, and it changed my perspective a bit on how politically feasible it is to demo houses for transportation projects in the 21st century (although of course that's Texas and this is Massachusetts...)
 
I can see the issue if it became a question of trade-offs between serving just Medford or Malden + north, but I was coming at it from the idea that there really doesn't even need to be a trade-off, because there's no world where anything more than half of a theoretical maximum capacity on a 2-track line would be necessary to adequately serve Malden + north.
Malden Center serves 12 bus routes that collectively slug over 20,000 daily Blue Book boardings. You hurt a lot of transit users by halving frequencies to MC and wrecking their 2-seat trips. It is absolutely the greater harm to consign those transferees to 9-minute peak frequencies forever, and there is no freaking way Medford Square's 5 routes can make up the difference by gaining 9-minute rapid transit frequencies.

It's a HELLA big tradeoff.
 
Running
On the property-takings side, part of what inspired this thought was that I heard about the North Houston Highway Improvement Project involving the displacement of 1000+ residents, and it changed my perspective a bit on how politically feasible it is to demo houses for transportation projects in the 21st century (although of course that's Texas and this is Massachusetts...)
I actually agree with you on this. Thousands, if not millions, of homes nationwide were wiped out in the US for highway projects during the last 75 years, but now that new transit projects need land acquisition, it's difficult for that to happen. I would be all for a more aggressive approach to acquiring land for transit expansion.
 
Malden Center serves 12 bus routes that collectively slug over 20,000 daily Blue Book boardings. You hurt a lot of transit users by halving frequencies to MC and wrecking their 2-seat trips. It is absolutely the greater harm to consign those transferees to 9-minute peak frequencies forever, and there is no freaking way Medford Square's 5 routes can make up the difference by gaining 9-minute rapid transit frequencies.

It's a HELLA big tradeoff.

Is there an impassable technical limitation to the orange line that would prevent it from having 2 minute peak frequencies? Presuming a project like this ever happened, there would also be the funds for signal, track, and rolling stock upgrades galore.
 
That level of displacement is horrific and should not be tolerated even for the most beneficial projects*. The fact that it's been done in Texas is emblematic of a broken system willing to sacrifice its most vulnerable citizens in that way. One of the benefits of transit over highways is that the vast majority of transit projects can be done with minimal disruption by (re)using existing rights-of-way, re-allocating street space, and going around or under important sites. While some property acquisition is inevitable for larger projects, it's not a feasibility factor for most.**

In this specific case, I just can't see Medford Square as such an important node that it would justify the cost of rail rapid transit, much less doing so by taking a lot of properties. It's rather smaller than Arlington Center or Watertown or downtown Everett which could all justify rail. If you look at the 2018 bus route profiles, you see a small bump at Medford Square, but neither the massive spike you see at Watertown on the 70 nor the sustained density at Arlington Center or Everett. It's also not something like Roslindale where it would cut significant slow mileage on buses for riders. It will be the outer end of the 101, and midroute for the 96 which will be anchored by rapid transit on both ends. (The less-frequent 95 and 134 also have potential regional rail transfer opportunities at West Medford and Winchester.)

In some future where Medford Square gets substantially denser and somehow the 96 and 101 are insufficient, and BRT on Mystic Avenue and/or Route 16 are insufficient, and rail is somewhere necessary, branching the Green Line under Winthrop Street would be the same amount of tunneling as the Medford Branch would require. If the Orange Line could be run so frequent that branching is okay (and I would guess the closely-spaced stations and curves under downtown would make that difficult), going to Overlook Ridge via either the Saugus Branch (branching north of Wellington) or Broadway would be a better proposition.

*Maybe, maybe, you could justify it for a massive HSR project where geometry and scale limit less-intrusive options like existing ROWS and tunnels, and where displacement is over a much wider geographic area that can more easily permit relocations, and where those displaced represent a wider cross-section of the population. Even the massive CAHSR project seems to have significantly fewer displacements - the SF-Fresno section is claimed to displace 82 residential units.

**Again, HSR is arguably the exception - when the above-linked article was written in 2022, CAHSR had spent several years and $1.4 billion on land acquisition to piece together a brand-new ROW.
 
because there's no world where anything more than half of a theoretical maximum capacity on a 2-track line would be necessary to adequately serve Malden + north.
Yeah so that's really just not true. OL trains pre-COVID were regularly stuffed to the brim coming into Sullivan, even when frequencies were fine. (Which was admittedly the exception rather than the norm...)
On the property-takings side, part of what inspired this thought was that I heard about the North Houston Highway Improvement Project involving the displacement of 1000+ residents, and it changed my perspective a bit on how politically feasible it is to demo houses for transportation projects in the 21st century (although of course that's Texas and this is Massachusetts...)
That still doesn't make it good. Extremely literal NIMBYism is not unfounded.
Is there an impassable technical limitation to the orange line that would prevent it from having 2 minute peak frequencies?
Unclear. I believe the new signalling system would cap at 3 minute headways, so you'd need to move to moving-block CBTC. The other problem is dwell times. The Red Line, which has much better station design downtown owing to its later construction and already runs 3-4 minute headways during the peak, regularly sees 90-100s dwells at some of the busiest stations during rush hour. Pre-COVID the Orange line regularly saw 2+ minute dwells at busy stations even when train frequencies were fine. It seems doubtful to me that 2 minute headways would be sustainable long-term.
Presuming a project like this ever happened, there would also be the funds for signal, track, and rolling stock upgrades galore.
That's a bold assumption. That probably more than doubles the cost of any OL branch project right there. That money could go to a lot of other things.
 
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Well, we'll need to do it when I get my four track mainline to Portland, ME /s
 
That level of displacement is horrific and should not be tolerated even for the most beneficial projects*. The fact that it's been done in Texas is emblematic of a broken system willing to sacrifice its most vulnerable citizens in that way. One of the benefits of transit over highways is that the vast majority of transit projects can be done with minimal disruption by (re)using existing rights-of-way, re-allocating street space, and going around or under important sites. While some property acquisition is inevitable for larger projects, it's not a feasibility factor for most.**

In this specific case, I just can't see Medford Square as such an important node that it would justify the cost of rail rapid transit, much less doing so by taking a lot of properties. It's rather smaller than Arlington Center or Watertown or downtown Everett which could all justify rail. If you look at the 2018 bus route profiles, you see a small bump at Medford Square, but neither the massive spike you see at Watertown on the 70 nor the sustained density at Arlington Center or Everett. It's also not something like Roslindale where it would cut significant slow mileage on buses for riders. It will be the outer end of the 101, and midroute for the 96 which will be anchored by rapid transit on both ends. (The less-frequent 95 and 134 also have potential regional rail transfer opportunities at West Medford and Winchester.)

In some future where Medford Square gets substantially denser and somehow the 96 and 101 are insufficient, and BRT on Mystic Avenue and/or Route 16 are insufficient, and rail is somewhere necessary, branching the Green Line under Winthrop Street would be the same amount of tunneling as the Medford Branch would require. If the Orange Line could be run so frequent that branching is okay (and I would guess the closely-spaced stations and curves under downtown would make that difficult), going to Overlook Ridge via either the Saugus Branch (branching north of Wellington) or Broadway would be a better proposition.

*Maybe, maybe, you could justify it for a massive HSR project where geometry and scale limit less-intrusive options like existing ROWS and tunnels, and where displacement is over a much wider geographic area that can more easily permit relocations, and where those displaced represent a wider cross-section of the population. Even the massive CAHSR project seems to have significantly fewer displacements - the SF-Fresno section is claimed to displace 82 residential units.

**Again, HSR is arguably the exception - when the above-linked article was written in 2022, CAHSR had spent several years and $1.4 billion on land acquisition to piece together a brand-new ROW.
I totally agree about a Medford Square OL branch not justifying the extreme residential condemnation that would be needed along the now non-existent old RR ROW. I do, however, think there needs to be a balanced approach to enable sensible and justifiable acquisition of ROW for other necessary future transit extensions. The rails-to-trails program is a great one, but it unfortunately may place some potential future transit routes out of consideration. There may be cases that come up in which we have to sacrifice a segment of rail-to-trail for a new transit or rail extension. All I would like to see is transit expansion not being unduly blocked by a zero tolerance for ROW acquisition, compared to highway projects that have been robustly acquiring ROW literally like a steamroller for the last century. Even the upcoming Sagamore Bridge project is requiring some demolition of residences. Rail and BRT transit expansions are the future of transportation, and I'd like to see them able to happen with all the needed ROW acquisition that may arise.
 
Both GLX and South Coast Rail had property acquisition - it's not as if it's forbidden for transit projects. As far as private property goes, it was pretty typical - slivers along parts of the ROW, and parcels for stations and yards. I just can't think of any remotely plausible projects outside HSR where any significant acquisition of private land would be needed. The closest I've seen was the North Shore MIS where some of the Peabody crayons crossed private land.

Rail trails, yes, are more likely to be needed for transit, and there may need to be some hard conversations. Those around Boston that I can see a plausible case for are:
  • Lexington Branch as far as Arlington Heights. As far as Arlington Center would definitely be a cut-and-cover tunnel box with the trail rebuilt on top; past that could be the same, or some segments of rail-with-trail where ROW width permits.
  • Saugus Branch as far as Route 1 (potential case for elevated rail a la the Ohlone Greenway, as there are very few overhead bridges)
  • Watertown Branch as far as East Watertown
  • Charles River Branch between Newton Highlands and Needham Heights (easy rail-with trail)
  • Eastern Route to downtown Newburyport (tricky but doable rail-with-trail; short enough that single track might be ok)
  • Eastern Route past Newburyport (plausible rail-with-trail, or just use the Western Route to hit Portsmouth instead)
  • Plymouth Branch to downtown Plymouth (plausible rail-with-trail)
  • Manchester and Lawrence Branch as far as Windham (not easy to do. the NH portion would be grade crossing hell.)
  • Falmouth Branch, North Falmouth to Falmouth. NIMBY hellscape; highly unlikely.
 
Also worth noting that I count 22 crossings on the Greenbush Line, and 24 crossings on the Kingston Line (excluding Plymouth Branch which has several more over a short stretch). That's a bunch of grade crossings that need separation if the Red Line were to eat either of those. (The Middleboro Line, for its part, has much better grade separation through Brockton.) These would not be inexpensive conversions.

Interested in revisiting this discussion.

There was a lot of talk about RL taking over OCR lines being impossible due to grade crossings, rolling stock, freight needs, etc. but I didn't hear much that fully disqualified the idea.

Assuming:
- only extend RL to Greenbush and Kingston (no Middleboro line so SCR and Cape Flyer can still function, but higher frequency )
- track separation: flying junctions at intersections between RL and Greenbush/Kingston
- freight: night freight movements to the Quincy Shipyard (or utilize the existing second track for freight only and fully single-track the Greenbush line)
- electrification: either trains w/ third rail and catenary power or third rail that can manage with grade crossings (more questionable I think?). In either case would require electrifying lines
- rolling stock: here's where it could get interesting--door height could be exactly 0.5" between the current RL and CR heights which are 1" off. To my knowledge, 0.5" is within the 5/8" accessibility tolerance allowed for by the FRA, so no funny business would be required to adapt stations (also since CR and RL cars are the same width)
- grade crossings: no need to grade separate as these would be low-frequency lines. As I understand it, grade crossings are acceptable as long as there's nothing going on with third rail power?


So for increased capacity, the cost trade-off is either:
Red Line Extensions:
- 2 flying junctions
- electrification of 2 lines
- new rolling stock

Commuter Rail Capacity Increase
- double tracking (Not sure how you would even negotiate this through Quincy if you were trying to fully double track the line until it splits... Is that even on the table or just double tracking in Boston?)
- more rolling stock


Is it possible? Is it better value?
 
Interested in revisiting this discussion.

There was a lot of talk about RL taking over OCR lines being impossible due to grade crossings, rolling stock, freight needs, etc. but I didn't hear much that fully disqualified the idea.

Assuming:
- only extend RL to Greenbush and Kingston (no Middleboro line so SCR and Cape Flyer can still function, but higher frequency )
- track separation: flying junctions at intersections between RL and Greenbush/Kingston
- freight: night freight movements to the Quincy Shipyard (or utilize the existing second track for freight only and fully single-track the Greenbush line)
- electrification: either trains w/ third rail and catenary power or third rail that can manage with grade crossings (more questionable I think?). In either case would require electrifying lines
- rolling stock: here's where it could get interesting--door height could be exactly 0.5" between the current RL and CR heights which are 1" off. To my knowledge, 0.5" is within the 5/8" accessibility tolerance allowed for by the FRA, so no funny business would be required to adapt stations (also since CR and RL cars are the same width)
- grade crossings: no need to grade separate as these would be low-frequency lines. As I understand it, grade crossings are acceptable as long as there's nothing going on with third rail power?


So for increased capacity, the cost trade-off is either:
Red Line Extensions:
- 2 flying junctions
- electrification of 2 lines
- new rolling stock

Commuter Rail Capacity Increase
- double tracking (Not sure how you would even negotiate this through Quincy if you were trying to fully double track the line until it splits... Is that even on the table or just double tracking in Boston?)
- more rolling stock


Is it possible? Is it better value?
I think if the red line’s going past Braintree it has to go to Brockton. That’s where the density is. Would a red line extension to Brockton plus cape main mostly single track through Brockton be a better value than an OC double track project? I’m not sure but it may be worth exploring. I assume that to do this, SCR phase 2 would be a prerequisite. The RL would extend to Campello and absorb Holbrook/Randolph and Montello. Dual CR/RL station at Brockton center. I count 5 grade crossings that should be eliminated. The ROW looks to be at least 3 tracks wide, maybe 4 tracks in some spots allowing for passing tracks in some locations for the CR. It’s at least something that should be looked into as an alternative to OC double track to see how it pencils out.
 
I think if the red line’s going past Braintree it has to go to Brockton. That’s where the density is. Would a red line extension to Brockton plus cape main mostly single track through Brockton be a better value than an OC double track project? I’m not sure but it may be worth exploring. I assume that to do this, SCR phase 2 would be a prerequisite. The RL would extend to Campello and absorb Holbrook/Randolph and Montello. Dual CR/RL station at Brockton center. I count 5 grade crossings that should be eliminated. The ROW looks to be at least 3 tracks wide, maybe 4 tracks in some spots allowing for passing tracks in some locations for the CR. It’s at least something that should be looked into as an alternative to OC double track to see how it pencils out.

I would imagine this would be an operational nightmare, trying to balance two branches of incredibly different length and ridership. Definitely not my area of expertise, but wouldn't there have to be some balancing via either extending the Ashmont branch or something on the northern end a-la the red X?
 
I would imagine this would be an operational nightmare, trying to balance two branches of incredibly different length and ridership. Definitely not my area of expertise, but wouldn't there have to be some balancing via either extending the Ashmont branch or something on the northern end a-la the red X?
I was thinking the same thing actually but didn’t mention it. Red X may be a requirement for this but that would need to be analyzed. In any case, I figured that not all trains would continue past Braintree
 
I think if the red line’s going past Braintree it has to go to Brockton. That’s where the density is. Would a red line extension to Brockton plus cape main mostly single track through Brockton be a better value than an OC double track project? I’m not sure but it may be worth exploring. I assume that to do this, SCR phase 2 would be a prerequisite. The RL would extend to Campello and absorb Holbrook/Randolph and Montello. Dual CR/RL station at Brockton center. I count 5 grade crossings that should be eliminated. The ROW looks to be at least 3 tracks wide, maybe 4 tracks in some spots allowing for passing tracks in some locations for the CR. It’s at least something that should be looked into as an alternative to OC double track to see how it pencils out.
How does this function as an alternative to OC double track? You're not eliminating any of the CR lines since you're not extending all the way down to Middleborough. And you can't even decrease the CR frequency on the Middleborough line that much. The capacity constraint on the single track would still very much be there.
 
How does this function as an alternative to OC double track? You're not eliminating any of the CR lines since you're not extending all the way down to Middleborough. And you can't even decrease the CR frequency on the Middleborough line that much. The capacity constraint on the single track would still very much be there.
You don’t have to eliminate any CR lines, the target goal is to increase frequency to Brockton specifically. Beyond that frequency for the CR can be hourly. Does anyone know what the capacity of the OC line is from Braintree-SS? Bi-directional All day hourly frequency for the other 2 lines may be doable. That’s only 6 TPH in the single-track sections.
 

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