The state’s housing supply did not keep pace. As a result, Montana has
experienced some of the highest housing-price increases in the country. Its biggest cities—many of them blue enclaves amid a sea of red rural counties—had
adopted California-style zoning that sharply restricted housing density. In Missoula, for example, three-quarters of residential land was zoned exclusively for single-family homes—
nearly identical to Los Angeles.
“If our cities are zoned like L.A., they will grow like L.A.,” Kendall Cotton of the Helena-based Frontier Institute
warned lawmakers in 2023. “If we want to preserve Montana and have it not become like California, we have got to address this California-style zoning in our cities.”