Do you have a cheat sheet for Carrier codes and destination airports? I know some airport codes without looking, but TVC & YOW, as an example, I would have to Google.
Unfortunately there's no real rhyme or reason to them. It's not made easier by the fact that there's 3 distinct systems for notating them, but the 2 big ones are IATA and ICAO; people often use them interchangeably, especially if one is more readable than the other. but IATA is most commonly used in the airline world, which has 3 letter airport codes and 2 letter airline codes.
The thing is a two letter code (even with numbers) is a relatively finite space of 1296 possible combinations. The same thing applies to airports, so IATA codes are limited to those with commercial service, and so ICAO sets are more complete. Plus, the codes are functionally first come first serve - its why JetBlue doesn't have the code JB, but is B6, yet their ICAO code is JBU. (JB belongs to Helijet, a helicopter operator out of Canada). On the other hand, an older, established airline like American or KLM or Delta are easy - AA/AAL, KL/KLM, DL/DAL, whereas newer entrants have to choose from what's not already in use, such as Spirit ending up as NK and Southwest as WN. Southwest is one where I've seen a lot of people use the ICAO code SWA because its just more reader friendly.
The same thing applies to airports. LHR is the IATA code for London Heathrow, but its ICAO code is EGLL, BOS is KBOS, etc, etc. Unfortunately, there's no easy way to decode it without knowing them, but for an American context most Yxx codes will be Canadian.
That explained, heres a shortlist of the most common airline codes in the US:
AA/AAL - American Airlines
AS/ASA - Alaska Airlines
b6/JBU - Jetblue
DL/DAL - Delta Air Lines
F9/FFT - Frontier AIrlines
HA/HAL - Hawaiian Airlines
NK/NKS - Spirit
UA/UAL - United Airlines
WN/SWA - Southwest
For this chart specifically, the more obscure ones are: (I had to look up a couple of these)
YOW -Ottawa, TVC - Traverse City MI, SRQ - Sarasota FL, EYW - Key West FL, PUJ - Punta Cana DR, PLS - Providenciales, PDL - Punta Delgada Azores.
VS - Virgin Atlantic, N0 - Norse Atlantic, PD - Porter, QR - Qatar, WS - WestJet, S4 - Azores aka SATA International