2.3 Determination of Alternative Considered / Project History
The renovation and reuse of all the existing structures, renovation and reuse of only the Arlington Building, and retention of only the Arlington Building fa?ade were also considered. All of these alternatives yielded buildings with significantly less floor area and parking than the as-of-right proposal, which in combination with greater construction costs incurred to work with and around existing buildings and foundations, make these reuse schemes economically infeasible. Technical complications due to the existing buildings? bearing and fire wall locations and differing floor levels will not allow for large unencumbered floor plates necessary for a feasible contemporary office building in any of the options that reused the existing buildings. Reuse of existing facades would be extremely difficult and costly due to the inability to use temporary external support of the fa?ade because this weight can not be placed on the existing MBTA Green line tunnel, utilities, and steam main located below the sidewalks on Boylston and Arlington streets.
The Proponent also believes that possible alternatives that would retain only the fa?ades of one of the existing buildings lack the appropriate architectural integrity that this important location deserves and requires. Furthermore, retaining only fa?ade portions of one of the existing buildings would likely require dismantling and reconstruction; activities that would have prohibitive costs associated with them, and that are generally not considered acceptable means of preservation.
Further, extensive research was completed concerning the historical and architectural significance of the existing buildings on the Project site, particularly the Arlington Building.
The research demonstrated that the Arlington Building is not eligible for designation as a Boston Landmark. The Boston Landmark Commission, on the recommendation of its staff, concurred in this determination by declining in 2006 to accept a landmark petition for further study of the Arlington Building.
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3.4 Historic and Archaeological Resources
3.4.1 Buildings on the Project Site
The Project site contains four existing buildings, 324-334 Boylston Street (the Arlington Building), 336-342 Boylston Street, 344-350 Boylston Street, and 352-360 Boylston Street.
The Project site is located within the boundaries of the Back Bay Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register nomination for the Back Bay Historic District does not specifically call out any of the four buildings on the Project site as possessing exceptional architectural or historical significance. The nomination indicates that generally ?the district contains along Boylston and Newbury Streets a ignificant collection of early 20th century commercial buildings which reflect a variety of architectural modes.? The nomination specifically mentions only the Berkeley Building (a Boston Landmark) at 416-426 Boylston Street, Boylston Chambers at 739 Boylston Street, 885-889 Boylston Street, 651-655 Boylston Street, and 400-402 Boylston Street as architecturally prominent buildings within this section of the historic district; no reference is made to the Arlington Building, 336-342 Boylston Street, 344-350 Boylston Street, or 352-360 Boylston Street.
The following provides more detailed information on each of the four buildings which currently occupy the Project site.
3.4.1.1 Arlington Building, 324 - 334 Boylston Street
Constructed in 1904, the five-story Arlington Building was constructed according to designs by Boston architect William Gibbons Rantoul (1867-1945). Rantoul, a Harvard-trained architect operated a practice at 8 Beacon Street from 1897 to 1942. Rantoul is known primarily for his residential commissions on Boston?s North Shore. A Salem resident, Rantoul designed numerous single family dwellings, a golf clubhouse, and country estates in Beverly, Ipswich, Newburyport, Salem, and Topsfield. His other Boston projects include the 1901 Fur Merchant?s Warehouse at 717-719 Atlantic Avenue (located within the National Register-listed Leather District) and the 1905 Emily Mandell House at
247 Commonwealth Avenue.
William Gibbons Rantoul?s Beaux Arts Style design for the Arlington Building employs a two-story base which gives rise to three upper stories topped by a copper cornice. Three vertical window bays on the Boylston Street elevation and seven vertical window bays on the Arlington Street elevation terminate at the top floor in broad segmental arches. The brick building is ornamented with granite and limestone elements.
In the 1910s, commercial tenants included the Bryant & Stratton Commercial School, a business school which occupied the building until 1950 before relocating to Newbury Street. In 1930, the Arlington Building?s first floor storefronts were remodeled in the Art Deco Style by Boston architect William T. Aldrich (1880-1966) for the new home of the Shreve, Crump & Low ompany. The Boston jewelry store established in Downtown Crossing in 1796, occupied the first two floors of the building until 2005, before relocating
to its current location at 440 Boylston Street.
Since its initial 1904 construction, numerous alterations have occurred to the Arlington Building. At the time of the building?s construction, Arlington Street terminated at Boylston Street. The extension of Arlington Street through the block transformed the Arlington Building into a prominent corner block and required the addition of an entirely new Arlington Street fa?ade where reviously only a party wall existed. Today, a comparison of the Boylston Street and Arlington Street facades indicates subtle differences in detailing around the windows and cornice which reflect the differing construction dates.
The 1930 remodeling by Aldrich in the Art Deco Style is limited on the exterior to infilling the original storefronts with ornamented limestone panels and the creation of bronze and glass storefronts (portions of which have been replaced or altered).
In 1984, when the Arlington Building was initially surveyed by Boston Landmarks Commission staff the building was ranked as a ?Group III? building out of the following five group ranking system used by the BLC for the purposes of consideration for designation as a Boston Landmark: Group I (?Highest Significance?), Group II (?Major Significance?), Group III (?Significant?), Group IV (?Notable?), and Group V (?Minor?). Only buildings with a ranking of I, II, or III are considered eligible by the BLC for Landmark designation.
There are a large number of buildings in Group III, therefore, those Group III buildings which may meet criteria for designation as Boston Landmarks are subcategorized as ?Group III, Further Study?.
In response to written requests that the BLC reevaluate the 1984 ratings for all the buildings on the south side of Boylston Street between Arlington Street and Berkeley Street, including the four existing buildings on the Project site, the BLC voted to upgrade the rating of the Arlington Building from a rating of ?III? to a rating of ?III F.S.? (Further Study) in April 2006.
Subsequent to the upgrading of the building to a rating of ?III F.S.? a petition was filed with the BLC to designate the Arlington Building a Boston Landmark.
At an October 2006 hearing, the BLC voted not to accept the landmark petition to further study the Arlington Building for designation as a Boston Landmark. The BLC decision was based on historical research presented by the Proponent which demonstrated that the Arlington Building did not meet the criteria for designation as a Boston Landmark.
3.4.1.2 336 ? 342 Boylston Street.
The narrow, four-story commercial block at 336-342 Boylston Street was constructed by 1898 with George Abbot listed as architect. Floors two and three of the storefront feature large, three-part plate glass windows; the fourth floor contains five round arched window openings separated by columns with Corinthian capitals. At the upper levels, the simple pier and spandrel building is ornamented with Renaissance Revival Style terra cotta details in the form of egg and dart molding, floral swags, putti, and cartouches.
Throughout the 20th century the building housed stores at the ground floor and offices on the upper floors. In the late 1920s, a restaurant occupied the ground floor. The storefront has been extensively altered through repeated remodeling, thereby diminishing the building?s overall architectural integrity. A 1919 photograph depicts the original storefront as having a recessed centered entry with large, flanking plate glass display windows, none of which is extant.
When surveyed in 1984, the building at 336?342 Boylston was ranked a Group IV (?Notable?) building. In response to the written requests mentioned above that the BLC reevaluate the 1984 ratings for all the buildings on the south side of Boylston Street between Arlington Street and Berkeley Street, the BLC voted not to change the ?IV? rating of the building. The decision not to change the rating of the building was based on a BLC staff recommendation.
3.4.1.3 344 - 350 Boylston Street
This four-story commercial building was completed in 1897 as two separate buildings. The architect was Warren A. Rodman. The pier and spandrel building is nine bays in width.
Cast metal piers at floors three and four exhibit a simplified pilaster motif. The building is capped by a Classical Style cornice.
Similar to its neighbors, this building housed first floor commercial uses and upper floor office tenants throughout the 20th century; the New England Trust Company maintained offices in the building from the early 1930s into the mid-1940s.
When surveyed in 1984, the building at 344?350 Boylston was ranked a Group IV (?Notable?) building. In response to the written requests mentioned above that the BLC reevaluate the 1984 ratings for all the buildings on the south side of Boylston Street between Arlington Street and Berkeley Street, the BLC voted not to change the ?IV? rating of the building. The decision not to change the rating of the building was based on a BLC staff recommendation.
3.4.1.4 352 - 360 Boylston Street
The building was constructed in 1906 according to designs by the Boston architectural firm of Parker & Thomas. The two-story commercial building has a limestone veneer facade with a strong horizontal emphasis created by cornices above the storefronts and second story windows. At the second story, the horizontality is further emphasized by a window band of ten single large sash divided by narrow piers employing a rope motif. At the ground level, the outer two storefronts have been drastically altered; the central storefront retains a highly ornamented cast metal arched entry with flanking display windows, all with gold-highlighted bas relief designs, with marble veneer base. The arched entry is recessed and ornamented with a fanlight and grille transom.
The architects, John Harleston Parker (1873-1930) and Douglas H. Thomas, Jr. (1872-1915), were in partnership from 1901 to 1907 and with Arthur Wallace Rice (1869-1938) from 1908 to 1936. Parker & Thomas had a diverse practice in Boston and Baltimore which included the design of banks, hotels, educational facilities, office buildings, private residences, and a group of exposition buildings. They were responsible for many of Boston?s early 20th century buildings, including the Tennis and Racquet Club at 929 Boylston Street, Fenway Studios (a Boston Landmark) on Ipswich Street, the R.H. Stearns Department Store on Tremont Street, the John Hancock Building, and the United Shoe Machinery Building (also a Boston Landmark).
Throughout the 20th century, the building was occupied by ground floor commercial tenants (including Schrafft?s Restaurant in the 1940s) and office uses on the second floor.
The Women?s Educational and Industrial Union occupied the building from 1975 to 2005.
When surveyed in 1984, the building was ranked a Group IV (?Notable?) building. In response to the written requests mentioned above that the BLC reevaluate the 1984 ratings for all the buildings on the south side of Boylston Street between Arlington Street and Berkeley Street, the BLC voted not to change the ?IV? rating of the building. The decision not to change the rating of the building was based on a BLC staff recommendation.