Does anyone know why the vast majority of new streets that are built are (for lack of a better term) self contained? It seems the only new streets that are built anywhere are streets that spur off of a main road and either just dead end at a cauldesac or if they loop around at all they still lead back to the same road they started at. For some reason we never really connect two different roads together with a new road in between. This has created a massive problem as far as infill, walkability, and traffic as so many roads have now been built with a suburban style descending order.
In order to make communities more walkable/bikeable and denser we should be trying to connect many more roads together, but for some reason this isnt happening. Is it due to how much more work it would take for a developer to do this? Also developers are really just there to make money not fix the street grid, so it seems like it needs to be more of a city/state thing. I really dont see any progress towards this at all and Im really wondering why nothing is really being done to address this?
I can attempt to take a crack at this one (but please note I am by no means 'the authority' on State-level transportation planning). It's comprehensive, so bare with me...
As I've mentioned in the past, I am the State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) Coordinator at MassDOT's Office of Transportation Planning. Where federal-aid projects are concerned, MassDOT is responsible for prioritizing investment in different highway and transit programs consistent with goals outlined in our modal and long-range plans. Massachusetts receives an apportionment of federal funds each year that can only be programmed on projects ready to advertise for construction that year, or that have advanced construction from a previous year. The budget is fiscally constrained: we cannot program more federal aid projects in a year than we receive federal funds for... thus the prioritization of our investments.
Unlike 48 other States, Massachusetts does not prioritize highway capacity projects (I read Colorado recently followed suit). Massachusetts transportation vision and goals prioritize the safe throughput of people and goods while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions in the transportation sector; there is a body of research that demonstrates widening highways and creating new routes induces demand for more vehicular travel, increases carbon emissions, and worsens congestion over the long-term. There are ultimately enough vehicular connections/options between the places people live, work, and recreate. We do, however, prioritize bicycle and pedestrian facility expansion projects... something like 8% to 10% of our federal aid-spend is on bicycle and pedestrian network expansion. This is because--as any MA cyclist knows--our network across the state is very fragmented and there are opportunities to improve these connections. Additionally, bike/ped facilities enable travel mode shift, have a demonstrated air quality benefit, promote better public health outcomes, and are consistent with public input to local, regional, and statewide transportation planning visions laid out year-after-year.
I have a little more funding context to provide: building new roads is expensive. Not only are there the material and labor costs to their actual construction, but there is a lot of work that happens to the lead up of the construction project including project design, right-of-way acquisition, environmental permitting, and the public hearings process. And if there's an endangered species habitat in the preferred alignment of the project, add in the mitigation costs or project scope revisions. As noted upthread, Massachusetts also has design directives for complete streets features on all new and active highway projects, which significantly adds to project cost. If a municipality or a developer want to foot those costs, that's on their dime. Generally when a municipality has a significant highway investment they're looking to fund/build, they would go the route of initiating the project with MassDOT and working toward design of that project (i.e. figuring out what the project is and what it would take funding, permitting, and ROW-acquisition-wise to get it to fruition). With federal aid projects, 80% of the project cost is generally federal and 20% of the project cost is local match... however, Massachusetts is unique in that it generally provides a state match for regional and state target projects that land in the STIP. The expectations is that municipally-initiated projects have design funded by the municipality and that the munis do their part to advance project design to a deliverable place (i.e. fundable and buildable). As such, municipalities, regions (MPO's), and MassDOT coordinate very closely on most highway projects.
So
@stick n move , back to your post. I say this with total sincerity and 0 derogation: communities in Massachusetts
are getting more walkable/bikeable and denser, and we
are making progress to further complete streets and facilitate infill. Although an armchair urbanist could track Walk Score data, STIP investment, and development permitting data from the Internet, I implore you and others to take a walk or bike ride to these new places and witness the proliferation of people-friendly places appearing throughout the Commonwealth. Check out the hundreds of state-funded projects funded through
MassDOT's Shared Streets & Spaces program the last couple years. If there are specific places where connections need to be made or accessibility is concerned, reach out to the respective municipal DPW, MassDOT Highway District Office, or regional planning agency (staff to the MPO) to see if there's an opportunity to initiate a project. I've said this before at work, at conferences, and now on here: every person has a role when it comes to making a transportation project happen.
If you or others have project ideas, questions, or need some guidance on who to reach out to about a project or program, email me at
derek.shooster@dot.state.ma.us. We do listen, and I do give a shit.