A new perspective on City Hall
Exhibition invites a reconsideration of the building
By Robert Campbell Globe Correspondent / May 24, 2008
A fine new exhibition reminds us how much we'd miss Boston City Hall if we let Mayor Menino get rid of it.
The mayor, you'll recall, announced last year that he hated City Hall and planned to sell it and its plaza for private development, then build a new City Hall somewhere else.
The exhibition, to say the least, opposes that idea. The title tells you so immediately: "Designing the Great Building of 20th-Century Boston."
The show is at Wentworth Institute on Huntington Avenue. Gary Wolf, a Boston architect who admires City Hall, has assembled a show of more than 40 original drawings of this famous and controversial building, all made by the architects while they were designing it.
It doesn't matter whether you love or hate City Hall. (I think it's a great building that needs a lot of reinvention.) There are plenty of Bostonians on both sides of that question. But anyone with a serious interest in architecture will profit from this exhibit.
It reminds us, for one thing, of the vanishing art of architectural drawing. Today architects draw on computer screens, with results that often feel canned and mechanical. Here the drawings have been made with pen and pencil. They display a half-forgotten delicacy of tone and presence of the human hand.
The drawings, too, help us follow the progress of the winning design, as it grew from early sketches through to the final version. Almost all the drawings were created by the two architects of City Hall themselves. They were young men, Michael McKinnell and Gerhard Kallmann, who in 1961 were teaching architecture at Columbia. That was the year Boston announced a national design competition for a new City Hall. The two professors entered and their design won, beating out 255 others. Neither Kallmann nor McKinnell had, at that time, yet designed or built a building under his own name.
"Designing the Great Building" comes at a moment when a battle is being waged over the future of City Hall. It coincides with the emergence of a new advocacy group, which calls itself "Citizens for City Hall."
Herbert Gleason, who worked in City Hall for 11 years as head of the legal department, is the group's spokesman. Gleason remembers a time when Boston was so proud of the building that Queen Elizabeth II was entertained there. "The most endangered buildings are always those of the previous generation," he says. Among other active members are Wolf, architect Joan Goody, and City Councilor Michael Flaherty. And Docomomo, an international organization devoted to the preservation of modern architecture, is also now taking an interest in City Hall.
"Designing the Great Building" was timed to coincide with the annual national convention of the American Institute of Architects, which was held in Boston last week. City Hall has become a national issue among architects. The AIA's board offered to issue a public statement supporting the building. But local architects and preservationists asked it not to, at least for now.
It's not that Boston architects don't care. But a BSA leader who'd rather not be quoted describes them as intimidated, afraid that Menino will try to get back at architects who take a stand. Or that approvals from the Boston Redevelopment Authority or the Board of Zoning Appeals will get more difficult.
Marvin Malecha, by contrast, the dean of the school of architecture at North Carolina State University, who in 2009 will be president of the national AIA, promises: "The AIA will certainly not stay on the sidelines during my watch. We will not be silent."
The mayor himself seems to be as unsure as everyone else. Despite his repeated assertions that he wants to get rid of City Hall, not much seems to be happening.
At a gathering at the AIA convention, he tried to win the love of architects by proposing a design competition for a new City Hall to be sited near Dudley Station. But also during the convention, the BRA, which hosted tours of the present building, produced a less than decisive handout for tour guides. It stated: "To date the proposal to move City Hall to city property on the South Boston waterfront has met with mixed reviews; no location study has begun, much less real planning or design work, to advance the notion, other than an assessment of city department space inventories and needs."
A softening real estate market, in any case, could hinder a profitable sale of City Hall and its plaza. So could legal entanglements, given that City Hall and its plaza were built as part of a federally subsidized urban renewal project.
Why do so many Bostonians think City Hall is ugly? There are at least four legitimate reasons.
One, City Hall is made of concrete, and in this country at least, concrete is a material we associate with practical things like bridge abutments and highway ramps, not with creative architecture (they feel differently about concrete in Japan and Europe).
Two, City Hall is appallingly maintained. "It's filthy and neglected," says Gleason, "with a hideous mess of security barriers."
Three, City Hall stands in City Hall Plaza, and the plaza is a miserable desert in summer and a tundra in winter.
And four, City Hall's interiors can be grim. Other architects of that era who worked in concrete, such as the French Le Corbusier or Harvard's Josep Lluis Sert, relieved the grayness with accents of intense color. City Hall needs much more interior light and color than it has.
All of those issues can be addressed. Nobody's against making changes, least of all the original architects, both of whom are still around and whose firm, now Kallmann McKinnell & Wood, has long been prominent here. They write: "We regarded the construction of the building to be the start of a process that would engage successive generations of the citizenry in the embellishment, decoration, and adornment of the robust armature that we had designed."
It's interesting, in that connection, that the Wentworth exhibit contains, besides the winning drawings, a display of ideas from various sources for renovating and updating the building and plaza. One that stands out is a proposal by retired architect Robertson Ward for a system of heliostats, rooftop mirrors that would move with the sun and reflect sunshine deep down into the building's interior.
Even if you're in the majority who think City Hall in its present form is ugly, here's a thought:
Ugly people can be great. So can ugly buildings.
City Hall is powerful and memorable, with the rugged majesty of a fortress or, closer to home, with the muscular grandeur of the famous generation of "Boston Granite Style" commercial buildings of the late 19th century. Not all great Boston architecture, remember, is delicate or made of red brick. This amazing building deserves to be saved, not demolished or humiliated by conversion to a commercial use.
Looking at City Hall's craggy features, you're reminded that at the opening in 1968, the Boston Pops played Elgar's "Pomp and Circumstance."
Globe architecture critic Robert Campbell can be reached at camglobe@aol.com.
? Copyright 2008