General MBTA Topics (Multi Modal, Budget, MassDOT)

The T's new hydrogen fuel cell powered pilot bus has entered revenue service. " Miles on the T" blog has a review here: https://milesonthembta.blogspot.com/2016/11/the-mbtas-new-hydrogen-powered-bus.html

This is part of an USDOT-funded trial being done in several cities. T has a small write-up with schematics of how it works here: http://www.mbta.com/about_the_mbta/environment/default.asp?id=26033. This is the same tech that's been powering our manned spacecraft ever since the Apollo program. It works by drawing a couple types of different fuel from tanks and mixing them at cryogenic temperatures inside the fuel cell to produce electricity, with the only byproduct being plain water. While extremely efficient, environmentally friendly, and battle-tested it's only had very limited commercial applications to-date because of the complexity of designing the cryo cooling in a way that can be easily serviced by laymen, plus a limited supply chain for general-consumption availability of the fuel mixture. Enough R&D has gone on behind the scenes that the tech has now gotten serviceable enough for public trials, and this is one of those data-collection efforts that hopes to build it up to critical mass and break hydrogen cells big as a mass-market fuel source. A startup in Billerica designed this particular fuel cell for the USDOT trial.


Bus will run for 6 months before being returned to the feds with data collection on the technology's suitability for public transportation. Currently based out of Charlestown garage, so will be primarily making the rounds on the Sullivan, Malden Ctr., and non- Harvard tunnel Cambridge/Somerville routes. Per the T website write-up for the program's goals, they are looking for public feedback so if you catch a ride on it be sure to give your two cents. Look for the special paint job:

35l975f.jpg

CpGwiYiXEAEN0MF.jpg
 
Last edited:
The T's new hydrogen fuel cell powered pilot bus has entered revenue service. " Miles on the T" blog has a review here: https://milesonthembta.blogspot.com/2016/11/the-mbtas-new-hydrogen-powered-bus.html

This is part of an USDOT-funded trial being done in several cities. T has a small write-up with schematics of how it works here: http://www.mbta.com/about_the_mbta/environment/default.asp?id=26033. This is the same tech that's been powering our manned spacecraft ever since the Apollo program. It works by drawing a couple types of different fuel from tanks and mixing them at cryogenic temperatures inside the fuel cell to produce electricity, with the only byproduct being plain water. While extremely efficient, environmentally friendly, and battle-tested it's only had very limited commercial applications to-date because of the complexity of designing the cryo cooling in a way that can be easily serviced by laymen, plus a limited supply chain for general-consumption availability of the fuel mixture. Enough R&D has gone on behind the scenes that the tech has now gotten serviceable enough for public trials, and this is one of those data-collection efforts that hopes to build it up to critical mass and break hydrogen cells big as a mass-market fuel source. A startup in Billerica designed this particular fuel cell for the USDOT trial.


Bus will run for 6 months before being returned to the feds with data collection on the technology's suitability for public transportation. Currently based out of Charlestown garage, so will be primarily making the rounds on the Sullivan, Malden Ctr., and non- Harvard tunnel Cambridge/Somerville routes. Per the T website write-up for the program's goals, they are looking for public feedback so if you catch a ride on it be sure to give your two cents. Look for the special paint job:


This is a pretty neat application. I do not know the price of hydrogen fill-ups but if the T had a number of these, would it be cost effective to plug them into the grid when not running as electrical generators?
 
This is a pretty neat application. I do not know the price of hydrogen fill-ups but if the T had a number of these, would it be cost effective to plug them into the grid when not running as electrical generators?

Right now, since there is no serious infrastructure, and it is a cryogenic fuel (lots of energy to freeze it, store it), effective cost is about $6 to $10 per "gallon equivalent"* (compared to diesel or gasoline).

* You have to work in gallon equivalents, because the fuel value of liquid hydrogen is about 1/4 that of gasoline or diesel.
 
This is a pretty neat application. I do not know the price of hydrogen fill-ups but if the T had a number of these, would it be cost effective to plug them into the grid when not running as electrical generators?

They got a filling station installed at Charlestown for the trial.

Right now it's just 1 bus on loan from USDOT for 6 months. A number of these buses were produced and distributed to various cities across the country (reason why the interior livery is a little different from typical Yellow Line). At its heart it's really just a public awareness campaign. USDOT wants to promote a little buzz with riders about potentially groundbreaking technologies that perma-solves the one big issue the public has about buses above all others: emissions. And they want to stimulate the market by giving these R&D companies a leg up on getting real service trials. Most importantly, they just want feedback and data collection from the transit agencies in a zero-pressure environment to see how they feel about being exposed to new fuel technology, how the vehicles work for them in a real-world revenue service + daily maintenance setting, and see if it establishes any sort of comfort level for digging a little deeper.

Obviously with the fuel cell developer being from Billerica the T was going to be #1 above all other candidates for USDOT to pick for the trial. It's not the first time they've done this; they very briefly evaluated magnetic induction battery buses about 12 years ago, although that trial wasn't technologically mature enough to hit revenue service. If any of the current evaluating cities like what they see chances are they'll have an opportunity to participate in future second-round, longer-lasting and more intensive trials involving multiple buses. The tech is still several years away from mass production the likes of which you could hang a procurement on, since the fueling and parts supply chain has a long way to scale up. Much like it took awhile for electric charging stations to catch up with perfected mass-production quality electric cars. So they're certainly not going to be plunking down an order for a hundred of these things in 2018; it's going to take a decade's worth of buildup in the supply chain for any-vehicle applications before any transit agency can bank on that kind of procurement scale.

But very exciting nonetheless. We've literally been waiting since the Apollo moonshots for hydrogen fuel cells to hit mass-market scale, with mass-market maintainability. It's been the great white hope for zero-emissions fuel for 50 years now. And you could hardly find a better application for it than city buses whose only exhaust byproduct is H2O. This is actual, factual Jetsons Shit stuff that'll penetrate public consciousness if the trial has good results. I'm sure the Yellow Div. managers and the gearheads at Charlestown garage are just as excited to get to test-drive this.
 
I would just point out that to call hydrogen a zero-emission fuel takes a lot of magical thinking.

Yes, a hydrogen fuel cell is zero-emission at the point of use. But typically not based on "well to wheels" analysis of the full energy cycle. The hydrogen that is available to us is basically all burnt fuel -- the end combustion or reacted state. So you have to put in a lot of energy to "unburn" it back to elemental H2 and then a lot more energy to either compress it or freeze it into a volume that is useable for transportation. Theoretically that energy could all come from "clean energy" sources, but today it certainly doesn't. So getting the clean, zero-emission fuel into a form that is usable is a very dirty proposition.

(And even if you are using clean energy sources, you could be doing a lot more useful work with that clean energy than the conversion of a problematic fuel substance into an inefficient transportation fuel -- that you are not allowed to use in tunnels!)
 
Spotted yesterday at South Station:

Southside commuter rail conductors have been outfitted for winter by Keolis with new warm fleece hats. They have a nicely-stitched logo above the earflaps of a marauding F40 locomotive with the word "SOUTHSIDE" in big bold block letters underneath. It looks like some NHL expansion team's fierce/badass logo that belongs on the front of a hockey jersey. I complimented a conductor on his new schwag; he said it is the most comfortable thing ever...high-quality fabric, really keep the wind out.

I so want one of these. Wonder what they cooked up for Northsider employee pride this cold season?
 
Not sure how recently this happened, but Harvard appears to have gotten a full power-washing along with all new light bulbs.

Can confirm yesterday that Harvard has not been power washed. Same state it was in a few weeks ago where they just took the filthy clear-plastic covers over the ceiling light fixtures and let the bare fluorescent tubes light up the place. Platform walls are still coated in mild grime, and the bus tunnel and mezzanines are still absolutely disgusting.


With Davis getting a for-real scheduled power washing, though, it's quite likely Harvard's on the calendar for it. Everything on the Alewife extension is dirty as hell from all the years of water intrusion, and the 1988 Central & Kendall renovations are long overdue too. Noticed as well yesterday the paint's really starting to peel on the ceiling of Central, and the furthest center support is covered in toxic mold from a longstanding leak. Power wash would be recommended there to jar loose whatever's likeliest to fall off, then can they can schedule a light follow-up painting. Otherwise it's not long before those paint flakes start falling on commuters and littering the platform + track pit.
 
Can confirm yesterday that Harvard has not been power washed. Same state it was in a few weeks ago where they just took the filthy clear-plastic covers over the ceiling light fixtures and let the bare fluorescent tubes light up the place. Platform walls are still coated in mild grime, and the bus tunnel and mezzanines are still absolutely disgusting.

Yeah, must have just been the light fixtures. It just looked less dungeon-like than the last time I was there.

The fare lobby/walkways in Davis are definitely much brighter, but it looks like they haven't done the high ceiling over the platform/tracks yet.
 
I would just point out that to call hydrogen a zero-emission fuel takes a lot of magical thinking.

Yes, a hydrogen fuel cell is zero-emission at the point of use. But typically not based on "well to wheels" analysis of the full energy cycle. The hydrogen that is available to us is basically all burnt fuel -- the end combustion or reacted state. So you have to put in a lot of energy to "unburn" it back to elemental H2 and then a lot more energy to either compress it or freeze it into a volume that is useable for transportation. Theoretically that energy could all come from "clean energy" sources, but today it certainly doesn't. So getting the clean, zero-emission fuel into a form that is usable is a very dirty proposition.

(And even if you are using clean energy sources, you could be doing a lot more useful work with that clean energy than the conversion of a problematic fuel substance into an inefficient transportation fuel -- that you are not allowed to use in tunnels!)

Yes hydrogen is a nice fuel source because if its is clean and it is reacted with pure Oxygen its final product is H20 only

That said let's clear up some of the misunderstanding

1) There is no source of Hydrogen that doesn't require applying at least as much if not more energy to separate the hydrogen from, to whatever it is attached. Now the energy can be electrical in which case hydrogen serves as an inefficient battery. Most common the process of obtaining the hydrogen is chemical and then there are the other reaction products to dispose of or reuse.

The common sources of hydrogen are heating coal to incandescent temperatures and spraying it with water -- the result is Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide and miscellaneous traces of stuff such as Cyanide and Ammonia. You can them "reform" this gas further to yield CO2 and more hydrogen by adding more steam. -- Various variants on this was the old Water Gas, Industrial Gas, or Producer Gas which Victorians and early 20th C Americans and Brits, burned for light and cooking and then just cooking until natural gas came along in the 1950's. An alternative reaction is to "crack" natural gas using a catalyst and high temperature steam.

There are a handful of lab benchtop other means including the famous "Drano Reaction" where water reacts to a mixture of Sodium Hydroxide and Aluminum Dust to yield insoluble Sodium Aluminum Hydroxide, Hydrogen and a very hot water solution of Sodium Hydroxide

2) Now to the fuels cell -- No fuel cell works at cryogenic temperatures -- the cryogenic aspect is just for the efficient transport of the hydrogen [in the bus] or hydrogen and oxygen in a space craft. No one wants to carry around large tanks of pressurized hydrogen gas and the process of storing hydrogen in various solid manners is still a lab exercise. So the current way we power mobile fuel cells is to carry around liquid hydrogen in very well insulated tanks [you may see such trucks on the road from time to time with their NFPA 704 Hazard placard
NFPA_704_Hazard_placard_liquid_hydrogen.jpg
.

When the liquid is released and comes into contact with things anywhere near room temperature a rapidly expanding turbulent cloud forms with explosive detonation possible anywhere from 4 to 75% concentration in air. Let's put it this way, in 1965 -- 500 litres of liquid hydrogen exploded in a high energy particle detector [liquid hydrogen bubble chamber] at the late lamented Cambridge Electron Accelerator underneath Harvard Square. It blew the concrete roof off killed one MIT scientist and injured 7 others. Moral of the story find a Liquid Helium or Nitrogen truck to crash with -- much safer.

In the fuel cell itself you make water by combining Hydrogen and Oxygen at the molecular level the same way that you would in a hydrogen flame. The reaction in the fuel cell is isolated into the two half reactions at the Hydrogen [proton] and Oxygen electrodes with the electrons being forced to flow through an external circuit and the protons being conveyed through some sort of "electrolyte" often contained in a semipermeable membrane. There are several different types of electrolytes from the "Apollo" [KoH] to high temperature Solid Oxide Ceramics with rare earths which have different advantages for different applications.

None of them so far are cheap to produce and their lifetimes are still marginal for commercial applications and then there is the need for the cryogenic liquid hydrogen and all that entails
 
Last edited:
Has anyone heard if there is any news on the forge park extension to hopedale/milford. They wanted to end it at hopedale because of the draper mill which would be turned into condos and theres plenty of room to store trains. As it stands now a lot of trains have to go back empty at night to be put away. Milford I think would be pretty successful if it came up to depot street right in downtown.
 
Has anyone heard if there is any news on the forge park extension to hopedale/milford. They wanted to end it at hopedale because of the draper mill which would be turned into condos and theres plenty of room to store trains. As it stands now a lot of trains have to go back empty at night to be put away. Milford I think would be pretty successful if it came up to depot street right in downtown.

The study was supposed to have been completed in 2014 by the MPO, but it was never published online.


Odds are the ridership vs. travel time is not going to come close to justifying the expense. The Milford Branch is extremely curvy--almost a neverending S-curve--and full of grade crossings. The poor speeds afforded by that asstacular track geometry already shows itself on the Franklin schedules in the 7 minutes it takes to go all of 2-1/2 miles from Franklin station on the mainline to Forge Park on the branchline. The 6 extra miles to Milford Depot is just more of the same, with the near- right-angle S-curve at Bellingham Jct. being the sort of thing that'll speed-restrict a passenger train to an excruciating 15 MPH on fully-rebuilt track. Stops at Bellingham and Milford would push the Franklin schedule past the 1:20 range with no hope for any improvement unless you chopped Ruggles or combined Norwood Depot + Central...all very bad ideas. Only the system's most infamous gimp, Worcester, does worse time to 495 (Exit 19 is only 2 miles from Milford Depot)...and Worcester is eminently fixable with enough mandatory eat-your-peas money while the Franklin main is already about as brisk as it'll ever get and has no tricks up its sleeve to offset the anvil the Milford Branch geometry imposes on the schedule.

The whole Draper Mills TOD thing was a last-minute tack-on to the study request, but the Grafton & Upton mainline has even sharper curves and more frequent grade crossings than the Milford Branch. And requires plunking down an ultra-tight 70-degree angle wye leg at Milford Jct. to even get on that track. You probably aren't exceeding 20 MPH over that 1.5 miles and 6 extra grade crossings, so the +1 to Hopedale now solidly pushes the schedule to Boston over 90 minutes...worse than Worcester, worse than T.F. Green, worse than everything on a purple train but Wickford Jct. The MPO was being charitable including Hopedale in the study because Grafton & Upton RR's freight revival over the past 8 years has been a feel-good success story and Hopedale has waved the pom-poms with gusto about leveraging it. But I can't see any way it's practical to terminate at Draper Mills instead of Milford Depot because of how severe the additional schedule drag is for such a short distance.

Ultimately you have to look at the size of the communities served plotted against the attrition in farebox recovery for every schedule minute >1:15. Worcester can overstuff an excruciating 90-minute gimp schedule because it's Worcester. I don't know how you can wring enough collectively out of Bellingham (pop. 16,332), Milford (pop. 28,000), and Hopedale (pop. 5911) to offset the whittling-down effect of the extra half hour it takes to go barely 10 miles past Franklin station. The communities are too small to offset the drag effect from such an unimprovable schedule. They would almost be better and faster served by MA 140 commuter buses to Franklin timed to the CR schedules. Much like past MPO studies of Medfield/Millis/Medway CR-timed commuter buses to a Foxboro-frequency supersized Walpole station now looks like a more complete transit solution for those towns than their original crippled-frequency CR proposal via the Needham Line. Work the network effects of strengthened mainline frequencies out to the last mile instead of extending the one-seat well beyond its threshold of usefulness.


Now...one of the reasons why the study persisted despite fighting a losing battle is because of those equipment deadheads at tiny Franklin layover. Lowell, Haverhill, Worcester, and Franklin are CR's Big 4 festering sores for low-revenue and non-revenue running miles because of inadequate layover space. Franklin is probably the hardest to solve because the nearest available land for plunking a full-sized facility is at Bellingham Jct...which means they'd have to upgrade enough of the Milford Branch for enough $$$ to get there at all that they'd have to justify the running miles with at least +1 more stations of farebox recovery. And if they're doing Bellingham they might as well keep going to more populous Milford. Makes fixing the storage situation extremely unfavorable on cost/benefit, and caps the current Franklin schedule at 16 round trips per day despite there being real need for more rush-hour crowd-swallowers. Situation wouldn't be so bad if they could fix Worcester layover first and give the whole southside some relief on those empty-calorie deadhead miles...but that one's also a big land acquisition pickle.

Unfortunately for Milford, the best bang-for-buck they can mount to do something/anything for the storage situation and mainline schedule needs isn't the Milford extension at all...but Foxboro. For only $75-80M for the max build they'd get a full-size layover at Foxboro and double the schedules to Walpole, providing the necessary crowd-swallower relief to keep Norfolk-Forge Park schedules static. And give them *some* options to limit their Franklin layover equipment deadhead miles by leveraging mid-line Foxboro layover to stuff some Forge Park sets instead of running empty all the way to Boston, saving a tangible amount of annual cost burn. Foxboro is not only slam-dunk on value for money, but is so easily doable they're considering a couple limited rush hour extras as a trial next year...which easily primes the pump for the full-blown upgrades. That's simply going to kick Milford down to the bottom of the pile for how much pressure it'll relieve. And it'll serve up the perfect opportunity to trial those Millis commuter buses to the extra Walpole frequencies...giving the potential template for a Hopedale-Milford-Franklin bus solution that sidesteps all the crappy schedule compromises of the extension.

My guess is Foxboro is what seals the deal against Milford ever happening. And I'm not sure that's a bad thing when the inner half of the mainline can get better/denser overall service not needing to hold open slots for those 90-minute schedules to 3 pretty small 495-belt communities. It is what it is given what they have to work with on the Milford Branch. It's a concept not supported by the available infrastructure. But at least the Milford Branch is never going anywhere as a freight line. CSX is handing it over to plucky Grafton & Upton in the next 18 months and shedding that low-margin weekly from Walpole. G&U is quite likely to grow business on the branch as handsomely as they have on their own revived mainline. The upside is very good for that freight branch, it'll see SGR upgrades strictly for supporting the freight, and it'll always be there to revisit the passenger study again should there be a new service angle. Definitely not a use-it-or-lose-it scenario like the last Millis study was. The state and the local communities don't lose anything by taking more time to find an equitable solve for their transpo pickle. When the solutions are this imperfect they're going to need to spread their last-mile options a bit further afield with more out-of-box thinking than just a killshot of one very expensive one-seat extension that has nearly intolerable and unimprovable travel times.
 
^ Wasn't there a project this fall to trim hundreds of trees (a big number like 400 ~ 600 ?) along the D branch? Seems like this one should have been taken on the first pass.
 
Somebody said:
Goddamnit! The T should have a team of full time arborists on staff to be constantly inspecting every tree along every route at all times so this doesn't happen!
.
 
Oh my god look at all of those trees blocking the sun. Who let those get built?? This is insane.
 
^ Wasn't there a project this fall to trim hundreds of trees (a big number like 400 ~ 600 ?) along the D branch? Seems like this one should have been taken on the first pass.

Yes...prevention for branches felled by caked-on wet snow or ice. Not 3-1/2 ft. circumference old-growth limbs thrown by 50 MPH winds that are blowing cars clean off the highway. That could've been way off the property lines altogether or so high up in the canopy it would've taken a 3-story crane to get it down. It's not like they're allowed to clear-cut a 100 ft. radius around the ROW wider than the tallest tree is tall when they're abutted on the other sides of the fence by private property in a heavily wooded area. Are they responsible if a tornado throws a piece of somebody's roof on the tracks from a half-mile away?

They play the odds. But it's impossible to completely zero-out those odds.
 
I was on the REDLINE Today at 10.AM. I was actually going to drive into Boston then saw Gridlock going in at 9:30 on 93South. Go figure--I thought that was OFF hours?

Redline Broke down for 15Mins (First time taking the T in a year.)
 

Back
Top